Choose your platform and buy
Try if one month free of charge with 10 licenses.
What is the account for?
Welcome to CogniFit! Welcome to CogniFit Research! CogniFit Healthcare Boost Your Business with CogniFit! CogniFit Employee Wellbeing

Sign up on here if you don't have your mobile handy

You are going to create a patient management account. This account is designed to give your patients access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a research account. This account is specially designed to help researchers with their studies in the cognitive areas.

You are going to create a student management account. This account is designed to give your students access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a family account. This account is designed to give your family members access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a company management account. This account is designed to give your employees access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a personal account. This type of account is specially designed to help you evaluate and train your cognitive skills.

You are going to create a patient management account. This account is designed to give your patients access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a family account. This account is designed to give your family members access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a research account. This account is specially designed to help researchers with their studies in the cognitive areas.

You are going to create a student management account. This account is designed to give your students access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a company management account. This account is designed to give your employees access to CogniFit evaluations and training.

You are going to create a developer account. This account is designed to integrate CogniFit’s products within your company.

loading

For users 16 years and older. Children under 16 can use CogniFit with a parent on one of the family platforms.

By clicking Sign Up or using CogniFit, you are indicating that you have read, understood, and agree to CogniFit's Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy.

Scan the below QR with your phone to register through our mobile app for the ultimate convenience and access on-the-go!

Enhance Your Experience!

If you don't have your mobile handy sign up on here

Download our app to enjoy a good experience on this device

Huawei App Gallery

If you don't have your mobile handy sign up on here

Parkinson's Symptoms: Digital Cognitive Stimulation and Neurorehabilitation Exercises

CogniFit has more than 2 million users worldwide

Parkinson's Symptoms: Digital Cognitive Stimulation and Neurorehabilitation Exercises

Trains and strengthens essential cognitive abilities in a professional way. Comprehensive report of results, progress, and evolution.

Who is it for?

This product is not for sale. This product is for research purposes only. For more info see CogniFit Research Platform

Multi-platform

Parkinson's Symptoms: Digital Cognitive Stimulation and Neurorehabilitation Exercises

Users under 16 years-old must use a family account

 

-
+
Number of family members

Users under 16 years-old must use a family account

-
+
Number of patients
Number of family members
Number of students
Number of participants
-
+
Months of training

Enter the desired number of patients and their months of training. Please note that the patient's subscription will begin at the time the patient registers. You may replace one patient with another if necessary.

Enter the desired number of family members and their training months. Please note that the member's subscription will begin at the time of registration. You may replace one family member with another if necessary.

Enter the desired number of students and their training months. Please note that the student's subscription will begin at the time of registration. You may replace one student for another if necessary.

Enter the desired number of participants and their training months. Please note that the participant's subscription will begin at the time of registration. You may replace one participant for another if necessary.

One-time payment

 

Leaders in cognitive stimulation and neurorehabilitation to treat Parkinson's disease (PD)

Leaders in cognitive stimulation and neurorehabilitation to treat Parkinson's disease (PD)

  • Access a personalized program of activities, exercises, and games that you can practice from your computer.
  • Digital tool to help treat Parkinson's cognitive symptoms and improve patient's independence.
  • Discover a comprehensive results report, progress and evolution.

People suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to the most characteristic symptoms of the disease, such as tremors or slowness of movement, are at risk of suffering cognitive disturbances that affect their daily life. It is not uncommon to observe an impairment in processing speed, attention, memory or response time, among other cognitive alterations.

CogniFit Parkinson's brain training is an online cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation tool that helps strengthen cognitive skills. It also helps minimize the extent of symptoms and cognitive impairment derived from this disorder. This tool is specific for computers, tablets or smartphones and it is recommended 3 times a week for approximately 20 minutes.

The goal of this training is to prevent and stop symptoms and cognitive impairment , whether mild, moderate or severe and to improve the cognitive functioning of people affected by Parkinson's disease. CogniFit neurorehabilitation in PD helps prevent cognitive-related functional impairment and improves quality of life.

Cognitive training difficulty for people with Parkinson adapts as the person trains. This multi-dimensional tool is made up of a diverse selection of brain games and assessment tasks that train the most important cognitive skills in Parkinson's disease. This tool has been perfected to continuously measure user performance and automatically regulate the complexity and type of tasks.

Treatments are adapted to individual needs and symptoms of each patient, with the aim of achieving the highest degree of independence and, therefore, an improvement in patient autonomy.

Excellent!

You're above average.

Memory

Perception

Attention

Coordination

Reasoning

Very low
Low
Average
High
Very high

Who is it for?

Who is it for?

This cognitive rehabilitation program is easy to use and accessible even for people unfamiliar with cognitive intervention programs. No science or computer knowledge is required to use CogniFit Parkinson's Specific Training. This brain training and cognitive stimulation program can be managed by the patient, family members, professionals and researchers:

People with Parkinson who want to prevent cognitive impairment

Exercise and maintain my cognitive state against cognitive impairment

CogniFit is indicated for anyone with Parkinson who wants to do cognitive stimulation exercises. CogniFit's Parkinson's-specific cognitive training can help strengthen and maintain your core cognitive functions in a way that helps your independence.
Its brain training automatically adapts to the user's specific needs, taking into account the cognitive abilities most affected by this disease.
CogniFit's specific tools for cognitive stimulation and neurorehabilitation in Parkinson's disease are a leading technology in the prevention of cognitive impairment and an excellent addition to non-pharmacological therapy in order to help stimulate affected cognitive abilities.
Family members or caregivers

Helping my relative with Parkinson to preserve their cognitive health

The role of the family is essential in providing support to people with Parkinson's-related cognitive impairment or dementia. CogniFit is very easy to use and allows any family member to help strengthen important neuropsychological factors altered during the course of this disease, even if they do not have specialized knowledge.
With this program, we can regulate and manage from our computer the training plan that our family member can do from their own home.
This brain training is ideal for cognitive stimulation in Parkinson's patients, as proper cognitive training can help them reduce the cognitive decline associated with the disease.
Healthcare Professionals

Apply cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation to my Parkinson's patients

This professional cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation instrument for Parkinson was created to assist physicians, psychologists and other health professionals in the intervention of cognitive skills in Parkinson.
CogniFit data and its standardized comparison can help you accurately understand the cognitive symptoms of Parkinson's and work on those that have been altered or weakened. Knowing the pattern of strengths and weaknesses can help you plan your treatment and monitor your progress.
CogniFit brain training can be applied both in therapy and/or at home. The professional can schedule the interval between sessions and will always have access to the effort, progress and cognitive evolution of the patient.
Healthcare Professionals

Apply cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation to my Parkinson's patients

This professional cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation instrument for Parkinson was created to assist physicians, psychologists and other health professionals in the intervention of cognitive skills in Parkinson.
CogniFit data and its standardized comparison can help you accurately understand the cognitive symptoms of Parkinson's and work on those that have been altered or weakened. Knowing the pattern of strengths and weaknesses can help you plan your treatment and monitor your progress.
CogniFit brain training can be applied both in therapy and/or at home. The professional can schedule the interval between sessions and will always have access to the effort, progress and cognitive evolution of the patient.
Researchers and scientists

Stimulate and study the neuropsychological characteristics of Parkinson's research participants

This brain training program allows researchers and scientists from around the world to carry out cognitive interventions and study in depth the neuropsychological characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
CogniFit saves time by helping in the collection, management, and data study analysis.
In addition, the CogniFit Researcher tool has a control group that offers different tasks than the "intervention group", and keeps difficulty low. This makes it easy to create experimental designs.

Trained cognitive skills

Trained cognitive skills

Parkinson's disease may involve a number of cognitive symptoms stemming from disease progression and brain deterioration. Although alterations may vary from person to person, CogniFit has collected the major cognitive abilities altered in Parkinson's and created specific training to prevent its decline:

Cognitive Domains Trained
Cognitive Skills

Memory

The ability to retain or use new information and recover memories of the past. Memory allows us to store internal representations of knowledge in our brain and retain events from the past to use them in the future. Learning is a key process in memory because it makes it possible to incorporate new information or modify existing information in the previous mental schemas. After this coding and storage, the information, the memory, or the learning should be prepared to be recovered in the future. The hippocampus is a key brain structure in the mnesic process, and works actively during sleep to consolidate the information acquired during the day.

Excellent8.1%

689Your Score

400Average

Visual Short-Term Memory

Visual Short-Term Memory

Ability to retain a small amount of visual information (letters or written words, verbal information, symbols or figures, colors, etc.). Some studies indicate that visual short-term memory is more affected than verbal short-term memory; to the extent that defects in visual short-term memory correspond to the severity of the disease and motor performance.

675Your Score

400Average

Perception

Ability to interpret the stimuli of the environment. Perception is responsible for identifying and making sense of the information received from our sensory organs based on our prior knowledge of the world. Perception is a process that can be given by different senses (like sight, hearing, touch, etc.), and that our brain is responsible for integrating, giving it a sense of whole. The brain areas associated to perception are responsible for uniting the information perceived by the different sensory organs so that we can interact effectively with external stimuli, regardless of the stimulated sensory organ. In order for the perceptual process to be carried out properly, a process of assimilation and understanding of the information received will be necessary.

Very good6.1%

503Your Score

400Average

Visual Perception

Visual Perception

Ability to interpret information that the eyes receive from the environment. Parkinson's patients may have difficulty distinguishing certain objects, including visual hallucinations.

452Your Score

400Average

Reasoning

Ability to efficiently use (order, relate, etc.) the information acquired through the different senses. Through executive functions, we can access and use the information acquired in order to achieve complex goals. This set of superior processes makes it possible for us to relate, classify, order and plan our ideas or actions according to the needs that are imposed in the present or future. They allow us to be flexible and adapt to the environment. The executive functions make it possible to be effective in our day to day lives, solve problems and achieve our objectives even if there are modifications in the original plan.

Good2.8%

412Your Score

400Average

Shifting

Shifting

The ability of our brain to adapt our thinking and behavior to new, changing, or unexpected situations. Ability to realize that what we are doing does not work, or has stopped working, and readjust our behavior, thinking, and opinions to adapt to the environment and new situations. People with Parkinson's seem to have significantly greater difficulty in shifting conceptual sets and to produce more perseverative errors. This dysfunction is higher during the initial period of the Parkinson's disease than in age matched normal control subjects.

372Your Score

400Average

Coordination

Ability to efficiently perform precise and ordered movements. Coordination allows us to perform our movements in a quickly and efficiently. The cerebellum is the brain structure responsible for making coordinated movements: from walking, holding a glass, or dancing ballet. It helps to maintain a coherence between our movements and the feedback we get from our senses.

You can improve1.1%

192Your Score

400Average

Response Time

Response Time

The time that it takes between when something is perceived and when you respond to the stimulus. This ability is identified as having good reflexes since it refers to the time that passes from when we perceive something until we give a response accordingly. One of the most prototypical features of Parkinson's is the slowness of movement, which means they need more time to perform motor activities.

212Your Score

400Average

What will I train with CogniFit's Parkinson's-specific training?

What will I train with CogniFit's Parkinson's-specific training?

Cognitive stimulation in people with Parkinson makes it possible to strengthen certain cognitive abilities in the face of deterioration, improving cognitive symptoms, increasing autonomy and quality of life.

  • Proper brain training can increase cognitive reserve through specific tasks aimed at improving, restructuring or restoring cognitive abilities. So cognitive impairment caused by Parkinson can slow down, allowing the patient to fend for themselves for longer.
  • Through appropriate and constant brain training, the brain can favorably modify its functioning and structure, optimizing the performance of different cognitive abilities. Incorporating a training routine can help establish routines that are beneficial to the person with Parkinson's.
  • Cognitive rehabilitation is effective in retraining the skills of people suffering from some form of cognitive deficit derived from Parkinson's disease. Although it is advisable to start training before cognitive abilities are impaired, it is possible to reinforce those that have been affected.
  • This brain training can help improve the cognitive state of people with Parkinson, as the intervention is designed to slow down the neurodegenerative process as much as possible. While it is not possible to stop the deterioration, it can be delayed, and soften the impact on the life of the patient and family.
  • Cognitive rehabilitation does not have the ability to activate the functioning of damaged brain tissues. However, thanks to the cortical reorganization, it can stimulate adjacent, healthy or less affected brain areas to recover some of the lost functions.

How does it strengthen cognitive function?

How does it strengthen cognitive function?

CogniFit cognitive activities have shown to activate and strengthen cognitive abilities involved in Parkinson's through brain plasticity.

By training the brain of the person with Parkinson's disease certain patterns of neuronal activation are stimulated. The repetition of these patterns through brain training can help strengthen established synapses and neuronal circuits so that cognitive abilities are maintained in a better condition in the face of deterioration.

CogniFit personalized cognitive stimulation program is designed to stimulate the adaptive potential of the nervous system. CogniFit Parkinson's Specific Training is indicated for anyone who is suffering from this disease, whether or not they have cognitive symptoms.

1st WEEK

2nd WEEK

3rd WEEK

Graphic projection of neural networks after 3 weeks.

Benefits

Benefits

Using a computer support for cognitive stimulation of Parkinson's disease offers many advantages:

Easy to use

Both professional and individual (healthcare professionals, families, etc.), can use this battery of neuropsychological tests for Parkinson's without special training in neuroscience or technology, The interactive format of this test makes it efficient and easy-to-use.

Highly attractive

Some secondary symptoms related to Parkinson's disease, such as depression or apathy, can make it difficult to maintain or adhere to a treatment. CogniFit's automated cognitive training tasks for Parkinson's are designed to be attractive and motivating, making adherence to treatment easier.

Interactive and visual format

Poor understanding of activity instructions can lead to frustration. To avoid this, the instructions are presented in a simple, interactive format that is easy to understand.

Complete results report

After each training session, CogniFit provides access to updated data so that we can get quick and accurate feedback, seeing what are our strongest and weakest cognitive abilities.

Progress and evolution

The results of each session are stored in the user's profile, so you can check whether there have been changes from one session to another, whether the scores are improving and whether the patient's cognitive status is progressing positively.

Adapted to each user

The use of the CogniFit platform aims to be as simple and accessible as possible, so that it can be used by as many patients as possible, regardless of the degree of Parkinson's disease.

Tele-stimulation

The specific training program for people with Parkinson makes it possible to apply remote rehabilitation (cognitive remote-stimulation). In this way, a health professional or a family member can manage the treatment from a private computer. This makes it possible to bring cognitive therapy for patients with Parkinson who are unable to travel to a doctor's office.

What happens if you don't train your cognitive skills?

What happens if you don't train your cognitive skills?

Parkinson's disease causes brain damage by the death of several neurons and the alteration or degeneration of certain neural networks. This can end up causing Parkinson symptoms, as well as affecting various cognitive abilities, therefore, seriously impairing their day-to-day performance.

In order to prevent these cognitive processes from weakening, they must be systematically activated. One of the most effective tools for activating and strengthening the major impaired cognitive functions in this disease is CogniFit Parkinson's Specific Training. This leading program in cognitive stimulation offers a multi-dimensional and systematic training of each cognitive skill, which allows the activation of the brain's fundamental neural patterns.

Memory

Perception

Attention

Coordination

Reasoning

How much time should I spend with CogniFit?

S M T W T F S

How much time should I spend with CogniFit?

A complete cognitive training session usually lasts 15-20 minutes and can be done anywhere and anytime. CogniFit recommends 3 sessions per week on different days. If desired, CogniFit can send session reminders.

In each brain training session, there are two brain games to stimulate cognitive symptoms of Parkinson and a cognitive assessment task that will allow us to measure the evolution and improvement of cognitive skills. CogniFit Personalized Brain Training is designed to automatically assign each user to specific games and difficulty levels that best suit the user's cognitive needs.

CogniFit is unique

CogniFit is unique

Multidisciplinary Exercises

Complete results report

Automatic task selection

Leading Instrument

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment

Customized for each user

Scientifically validated

CogniFit is a leader in cognitive stimulation. It includes a series of multi-dimensional and standardized exercises. These activities combine different therapeutic activities designed by professionals to retrain the cognitive skills that each person may need, this way, its effectiveness can be optimized.

The difficulty of each of the exercises adapts as the person with Parkinson trains. This patented technology has been designed by an international team of scientists, neurologists, and psychologists, who research the latest discoveries and advances in the brain.

CogniFit's Parkinson's Specific Training is unique in that it continuously measures patient performance and automatically selects the type and complexity of tasks that best fit the individual's cognitive outcomes. This keeps each users' cognitive skills continuously challenged.

Parkinson training collects cognitive data and provides an interesting and comprehensive report on user performance at each level. With this, you can review the cognitive level at which you started, the rate of improvement, effort, etc.

Besides, not all brain training games being the same. While some classic games, such as Sudoku, are ideal for entertainment, a brain training program is needed to ensure that the brain is receiving the training and cognitive stimuli it requires. If you are looking to train your brain in a multidisciplinary, rigorous and systematic way, CogniFit tools are the best choice.

Customer Service

Customer Service

If you have any questions about the operation, management or interpretation of CogniFit Personalized Parkinson Brain Training data, you can contact us. Our team of professionals will answer your questions and help you with everything you need.

Contact Us Now

References

References

  • Beiske, A. G., Loge, J. H., Rønningen, A., Svensson, E. Pain in Parkinson’s disease: Prevalence and characteristics. Pain. 2009 Jan 141(1-2):173-177.
  • Forno L.S. (1988) The Neuropathology Of Parkinson’S Disease. In: Hefti F., Weiner W.J. (eds) Progress in Parkinson Research. Springer, Boston, MA. pp.11-21.
  • Jankovic JParkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2008;79:368-376.
  • Chaudhuri, K. R., Healy, D. G., Schapira. A. H. V. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. The Lancet Neurology. 2006 Mar 5(3):235-245.
  • Fénelon, G., Mahieux, F., Huon, R., Ziégler, M. Hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: Prevalence, phenomenology and risk factors. Brain. A journal of neurology. 2000 Apr 123(4):733-745.
  • Dissanayaka, N. N.W., Sellbach, A., Matheson, S., O’Sullivan, J. D., Silburn, P. A., Byrne, G. J., Marsh, R., Mellick, G. D. Anxiety disorders in Parkinson’s disease: Prevalence and risk factors. Movement Disorders. 2010 May 25(7): 828-845.
  • Cummings, J. L. Depression and Parkinson’s disease: a Review. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992, 149(4), 443-454.
  • Parkinson’s News Today. (2013-2020). Parkinson’s Disease Statistics. Phidadelphia, USA: BioNews Services, LLC,
  • Bandres-Ciga, S., Diez-Fairen, M., Kim, J. J., Singleton, A. B. Genetics of Parkinson’s disease: An introspection of its journey towards precision medicine. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Jan 137.
  • Lücking, C. B., Dürr, A., Bonifati, V., Vaughan, J., De Michele, G., Gasser, T., Harhangi, B. S., Meco, G., Denèfle, P., Wood, N. W., Agid, Y., Nicholl, D., Breteler, M. M. B., Oostra, B. A., De Mari, M., Marconi, R., Filla, A., Bonnet, A. M., Broussolle, E., Pollak, P., Rascol, O., Rosier, M., Arnould, A., Brice, A. Association between Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease and Mutations in the Parkin Gene. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000 May 342:1560-1567.
  • Haaxma, C. A., Bloem, B. R., Borm, G. F., Oyen, W. J. G., Leenders, K. L., Eshuis, S., Booij, J., Dluzen, D. E., Horstink, M. W. I. M. Gender differences in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2006 Nov 78:819-824.
  • Barbeau, A., Roy, M., Bernier, G., Campanella, G., Paris, S. Ecogenetics of PArkinson’s Disease: Prevalence and Environmental Aspects in Rural Areas. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1987 Feb 14(1):36-41.
  • Delgado-Alvarado, M., Gago, B., Navalpotro-Gomez, I., Jiménez-Urbieta, H., Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C. Biomarkers for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2016 Jun 31(6):861-881.
  • Svenningsson, P., Westman, E., Ballard, C., Aarsland, D. Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis, biomarkers, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology. 2012 Aug 11(8):697-707.
  • Verbaan, D., Marinus, J., Visser, M., van Rooden, S. M. Stiggelbout, A. M., Middelkoop, H. A. M., van Hilten, J. J. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2007 Apr 78(11):1182-1187.
  • Hietanen, M., Teräväinen, H. The effect of age of disease onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1988 Feb 51(2):244-249.
  • Burton, E. J., McKeith, I. G., Burn, D. J. Williams, E. D., O’Brien, J. T. Cerebral atrophy in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia: a comparison with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and controls. Brain. A Journal of Neurology. 2004 Apr, 127(4):781-800.
  • Da Costa Daniele, T. M., de Bruin, P.F.C., de Matos, R. S., de Bruin, G. S., Chaves, M. C. J., de Bruin, V. M. S. Exercise effects on brain and behavior in healthy mice, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease model - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res. 2020 Jan 383.
  • Singh, A., Cole, R. C., Espinoza, A. I., Brown, D., Cavanagh, J. F., Narayanan, N. S. Frontal theta and beta oscillations during lower-limb movement in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Mar 131(3):694-702.
  • Irwin, D. J., White, M. T. Toledo, J. B., Xie, S. X., Robinson, J. L., Van Deerlin, V., Lee, V. M. Y., Leverenz, J. B., Montine, T. J., Duda, J. E., Hurtig, H. I., Trojanowski, J. Q. Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia. Annals of Neurology. 2012 Jun 72(4):587-598.
  • Bocanegra, Y., Trujillo-Orrego, N., Pineda, D. [Dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a review]. Rev. Neurol. 2014 Dec 29(12):555-569.
  • Jozwiak, N., Postuma, R. B., Montplaisir, J., Latreille, V., Panisset, M., Chouinard, S., Bourgouin, P. A., Gagnon, J. F. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Cognitive Impairment in PArkinson’s Disease. Sleep 2017 Aug 40(8).
  • Petkus, A. J., Filoteo, J. V., Schiehser, D. M., Gomez, M.E., Hui, J. S., Jarrahi, B., McEwen, S., Jakowec, M.W., Petzinger, G. M. Mild cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and executive functioning in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 Jan.
  • Dhar, S. S., Jeenger, J., Singroha, V., Sharma, M., Mathur, D. M. Psychiatric morbidity, cognitive dysfunction and quality of life in drug-naive patients with Parkinson’s disease: A comparative study. Ind Psychiatry J. 2019 Jan 28(1):13-18.
  • Apostolova, I, Lange, C., Frings, K., Klutmann, S., Meyer, P. T., Buchert, R. Nigrostriatal Degeneration in the Cognitive PArt of the Striatum in Parkinson Disease Is Associated With Frontomedial Hypometabolism. Clin Nucl Med. 2020 Feb 45(2):95-99.
  • Furukawa, S., Hirano, S., Yamamoto, T., Asahina, M., Uchiyama, T., Yamanaka, Y., Nakano, Y., Ishikawa, A., Kojima, K., Abe, M., Uji, Y., Higuchi, Y., Horikoshi, T., Uno, T., Kuwabara, S. Decline in drawing ability and cerebral perfusion in Parkinson’s disease patient after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020 Jan 70:60-66.
  • Perry, E. K., Curtis, M., Dick, D. J., Candy, J. M., Atack, J. R., Bloxham, C. A., Blessed, G., Fairbairn, A., Tomlinson, B. E., Perry, R. H. Cholinergic correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: comparisons with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1985;48:413-421.
  • Janvin, C. C., Larsen, J. P., Aarsland, D., Hugdahl, K. Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Progression to dementia. Movement Disorders. 2006 May 21(9):1343-1349.
  • Caviness, J. N., Driver-Dunckley, E. Connor, D. J., Sabbagh, M. N., Hentz, J. G., Noble, B., Evidente, V. G. H., Shill, H. A., Adler, C. H. Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders. 2007 Apr 22(9):1272-1277.

Please type your email address